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Wednesday, November 14, 2012

Endocrine System



Principle Endocrine Glands and their Hormones
Endocrine gland
Hormone released
Traget Tissue/Organ
Chief Functions
Hypothalamus
Hypothalamic-releasing and release-inhibiting hormones
Anterior pituitary
Regulate anterior pituitary hormones
Posterior pituitary
Antidiuretic hormone
Kidneys
Water reabsorption
Anterior pituitary
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Thyroid
Stimulates thyroid

Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Adrenal cortex
Stimulates adrenal cortex

Follicle stimulating hormone
Gonads
Controls egg and sperm production

Luteinizing hormone
Gonads
Controls sex hormone production

Prolactin
Mammary glands
Stimulates milk production

Growth hormone
Soft tissues, bones
Stimulates mitosis

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Melanocytes in skin
Regulates skin color
Thyroid
Thyroxin
All tissues
Increases metabolic rate

Calcitonin
Bones, kidneys, intestine
Lowers blood calcium levels
Parathyroids
Parathyroid hormone
Bones, kidneys, intestine
Raises blood calcium levels
Adrenal medulla
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Cardiac muscle
Stimulate fight or flight, raise blood glucose levels
Adrenal cortex
Glucocorticoids
All tissues
Raise blood glucose levels, breakdown proteins

Mineralcoritcoids
Kidneys
Reabsorb Na+ and secrete K+

Sex hormones
Sex organs, skin, muscles, glands
Stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics
Pancreas
Insulin
Liver, muscles, fat
Lowers blood glucose levels

Glucagon
Liver, muscles, fat
Raises blood glucose levels
Testes
Androgens
Sex organs, skin, bones, muscle
Spermatogenesis, develops secondary sex characteristics
Ovaries
Estrogen and progesterone
Sex organs, skin, bones, muscle
Growth of uterine lining, develops secondary sex characteristics
Thymus
Thymosins
T lymphocytes
Maturation of T lymphocytes
Pineal gland
Melatonin
Circadian rhythms
Involved in circadian rhythms

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